内容正文:
2023人教版新课标英语必修一Welcome Unit单元语法总结
英语基本句型
【句型1】SV: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
{注意} 不及物动词后不能接宾语。但一些不及物动词+介词即可接宾语。
【例句】The sun rises in the east.
Sam is listening to the radio.
【句型2】SVO: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
{注意} 及物动词可接宾语,宾语可以是名词/代词/不定式/动名词(动词-ing形式)(短语)/从句。
【例句】He stopped running.
I want to be a teacher.
He sent her an email.
I hope that he will come to my birthday party.
【句型3】SP: 主语+系动词+表语
{注意}系动词后接表语,说明主语的情况/状态。表语可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/从句。此外,系动词还有:look/smell/sound/taste/feel/keep/grow/go/get/turn/become。
【例句】My mother is an actress.
She is nice.
He grows stronger and stronger.
The cheese tastes good.
【句型4】SV IO DO: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接引语+直接引语
{归纳} 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象;间接宾语是该动词所向/所为的人/物,通常是名词/代词;通常,间接宾语位于直接宾语前,但为强调,间接宾语可在直接宾语后,此时需要间接宾语前+to/for。
(1)v.+直接宾语+to+间接宾语,此类动词有:hand, give, send, pass, tell, bring等;
(2)v.+直接宾语+for+间接宾语,此类动词有:buy, make, get, cook, prepare, sing等;
{特殊句式}主语+及物动词+间接宾语+疑问词+不定式
【例句】Mum bought me a new dress. = Mum bought a new dress for me.
My mum taught me how to remember English words effectively.
【句型5】SVOC: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
{归纳}宾语补足语起到补充说明作用,由名词/形容词/副词/不定式/动名词/介词短语/动词过去分词等充当;
(1) 形容词作补语:My father painted the door purple.
(2) 名词作补语:We called the boy Sam.
(3) 不定式作补语:My mum told me not to be late for school.
(4) V-ing(动名词)作补语:I heard the bird singing in the tree.
(5) V-ed(动词过去分词)作补语:Her mother didn’t notice the vase broken.
(6) 副词作补语:My English teacher asked me in.
(7) 介词短语作宾补:He found himself behind on the top of the mountain.
{辨析} 复合宾语中的宾语与其补足语间有逻辑地主谓/动宾关系;双宾语中没有。
【例句】 复合宾语:They call me Linda.
双宾语:My father bought me a new dress.
【句型6】SVA: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语
{归纳} 此结构中地状语用来修饰动词/短语/句子。
(1) 状语可以是:副词/介词短语/名词/形容词/非谓语动词/从句等;
· 副词作状语:This little girl runs very fast.
· 介词短语作状语:It took us about twenty minutes to get there.
· 不定式短语作状语:I went to Harbin to see my best friend.
· 名词短语作状语:He will come back next month.
· 从句作状语:My friend will come to see me when he is free.
(2) 状语可表示时间/地点/程度/方式/原因/结果/目的/条件/让步/比较/伴随