外刊精读：How the Romans influenced English 罗马文明对英语语言的影响学案+教案2024届高三英语一轮复习

2024届高考备考 外刊精读 Day 62 How the Romans influenced English 罗马文明对英语语言的影响 学案 文本导读： 罗马人在公元43年至410年间生活在英国。罗马人对英语语言的影响深远，直到今天，人们仍在使用一些由拉丁语衍变的词汇，尤其是与食物、饮品、建筑以及英国地名有关的词汇。本文介绍罗马文明对英语语言的影响。 Step 1:词汇温习 legacy 遗产 ruins 遗址 Empire 帝国 ancient 古老的 converse 和…交谈 trade 买卖，贸易 stuck 保留下来 wine 红酒 dwellings 房屋 stake 桩子 fort 堡垒 settlements 定居点 extensive 广阔的，覆盖范围广的 paved 铺砌的 owe their origin 起源于 former 早前的 derivations 衍生物，起源 alphabet 字母表 manuscript 手写本 Step 2: 原文精听+精读 The Romans lived in Britain between 43AD and 410AD but their legacy is still felt today and not just in physical ruins. The Romans left us language, including some common English words. During the Roman Empire, Latin, an ancient language, was spoken in many parts of Britain. While the Romans wrote in classical Latin, they conversed in vulgar Latin – colloquial, everyday language that was used between soldiers and in trade. Because of trade, words that stuck often relate to food and drink, such as ‘wine’, which came from the Latin ‘vinum’. Others relate to dwellings such as ‘kitchen’, derived from the verb ‘cook’, and ‘wall’, which originally referred to a stake or post outside a fort. Settlements and roads in Roman times were extensive. The word ‘street’, used generally as well as being used for specific names of streets, originally came from ‘strata’ which meant paved road. On a similar note, academic research from the field of linguistics indicates many well-known place names in the UK owe their origin to Latin. For example, the Romans used ‘castrum’ to refer to a city, which developed into the common place ending -chester, -caster or -cester. Consider Manchester. It is a former Roman fort which was known as Mamuciam. Other places with Roman derivations include Lancaster and Leicester. A significant impact on English which came from the Romans is the use of the Roman alphabet. Manuscripts of Old English texts have shown a version not unalike written English today. Differences include some letters however, such as two symb