内容正文:
高考二轮复习语法微专题——定语从句
1. 定义:
先行词:Tom is my father. My father is a teacher.
=Tom is my father who/that is a teacher.
____________ 是先行词,____________ 是关系词(起替代先行词的作用)。
关系代词:(在定语从句中做成分)
关系代词
所做成分
指代人/物
Who
主语,宾语
人
Whom
宾语
人
Which
主语,宾语
物
That
主语,宾语
人、物
Whose
所属关系(属格)
人、物
as
主语,宾语
人、物
注意:as 在关系代词中,通常是与the same…as, such…as 搭配。
Whose= of which
关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系副词
When
=介词+which
Where
=介词+which
Why
= for which(先行词通常是reason)
注意the way 的用法:
This is the way___________ he talks to me.
This is the way___________ helps me a lot.
This is the way___________ he tells me.
Keys: in which/that/\
that/which
that/which/\
当 the way 表示通过某种方式=in the way时,关系词用in which/that/\, 相当于how,后面句子是完整的。当the way 做先行词,后面从句缺成分,做主语用 that/which,做宾语that/which/\。
注意 reason 用法:
The reason _________ he was late for school was unclear.
The reason _________ he told me was that he got up late.
Keys: why, that/which/\
当reason 做先行词,后面从句不缺成分用 关系副词why,缺成分用关系代词。
2. 只能用which情况:
1) “,”非限制性定语从句
2) 介词
3) 非限制定语从句中指代整个句子
3. 只能用that情况:(口诀:代序高特双疑)
代词(something, nothing, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, anything, anybody, anyone…)
序数词(the first,the second…)
最高级(the best, the most,…)
特殊(the only, the very, all, some, much, little, few, little…)
双(人+物)
疑问词(who, which)
4. 不用that情况:1)介词 2)“,”非限制性定语从句
5. 限制性定语从句 Vs 非限制性定语从句
辨析: ①I love my girlfriend who is beautiful.
②I love my girlfriend, who is beautiful.
①我是海王,我有很多女朋友,我喜欢漂亮的那个。
②我对我唯一的女朋友很专一。
非限制定语从句是对前面先行词起到补充说明的作用。
注意:在非限制定语从句中,which可以指代整个句子,as通常翻译为正如:as is known to us众所周知
解题技巧:
1. 先找先行词
2. 分两种情况讨论:
1 ___主语__ + V.(人:who, that 物:which, that)
2 __宾语__ + n./人称代词+V及物(人:whom, that, 物:that, which)
__所属___ + n./人称代词+ V及物+宾语/V不及物(人/物:whose)
__关系副词__ + n./人称代词+ V不及物(when, where, why)
小试牛刀:
1. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.
2. He _________ doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3. A company _________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunity