语法填空-动词时态和语态讲义2022-2023学年沪教牛津版英语八年级下册

( 语法填空-动词时态和语 态 ) ( 知识 讲解 ) 时态：表示动作发生或存在状态以及表现方式的一种动词形式。 语态：用来说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。 主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的执行者或行为的主体； 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象 基本结构是be +done（动词过去分词） 我们将从“结构.和时间状语这两个方面来学习在语法填空中时态和语态的考点。 常用时态结构表 时间 方式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 cleans cleaned will clean would clean 进行 am/ is/ are cleaning was/ were cleaning 完成 have/ has cleaned had cleaned 常用语态结构表 时间 方式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 Is/ are cleaned Was/were cleaned will be cleaned would be cleaned 进行 am/ is/ are being cleaned was/ were being cleaned 完成 have/ has been cleaned had been cleaned 1.一般现在时： 主动语态结构：do/does 被动语态结构：am/ is/ are + done 例：We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 一般现在时的基本用法有四种。 (1) 表示现在时刻的状态.能力.性格.个性。 如: Mr. Green has two children. I like Chinese food. (2)表示经常性.习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态， 如: I usually rest on Sundays. Mr. Brown always gets up early. LiLei goes to see Uncle Wang once a month. (3) 表示客观事实和普遍真理， 如: It never snows in Australia in December. Light travels faster than sound. (4)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 如:　If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late. 时间副词：一般现在时常与下列表示频率的副词或短语连用： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly，never, twice a week, on Sundays等。 Exercise1 1. In some parts of the world, tea ________ with milk and sugar. (serve) 2..Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ______ off at 18:20.(take) 3. Trees and flowers _________ every year to make our country more beautiful. (plant) 4.Jack often does things foolishly, so he sometimes ____ _____ by others.(laugh) 5. I can guess you were in a hurry. You＿＿＿＿your sweater inside out.(wear) 2.一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：was/ were + done 例：We cleaned the classroom yesterday. The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 一般过去时的用法 （1） 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 例：Where did you go just now? （2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a