2023年牛津译林版英语八年级寒假复习+预习讲义10

第十讲 Grammar 现在完成时 II I. have/has been to与have/has gone to 【教材典句】 1. Millie and Amy have been to South Hill. 2. Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. 3. She has gone to the bookshop. 4. My cousin has been to Xi’an twice. 【语法全解】 （1）“have/has been to + 地点名词”表示“去过某地”，表示某人的一种经历，说话时已不在那个地方，常和once, twice, never, ever等连用。当地点为副词时，则要省略介词to。 如：---Where have you been? ---I’ve been to the post office.（人已不在邮局） ---Have you ever been to Shanghai? ---No, I’ve never been there. （2）“have/has gone to + 地点名词”表示“去了某地”，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上、已在某地或在回来的路上，所以此句型常用于第三人称，不能与时间状语once, twice, never, ever等连用，也不能和for以及since构成的短语连用。 如：---Where is Simon? ---He has gone to Australia with his family. 【拓展】 “have/has been in + 地点名词”表示“在某地待过（多久）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 布朗先生来上海已经三天了。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 我们自从5年前就来中国了。We have been in China since five years ago. 你在纽约多久了？How long have you been in New York? II. 非延续性动词与延续性动词 【教材典句】 1. We haven’t seen each other since last week. 2. Mr. Dong has lived here for many years. 3. The film has been on for 20 minutes. 4. The first dolphin show began at 11:30a.m. 【语法全解】 （1）非延续性动词也称为短暂性动词或瞬间动词，这类动词所表示的动作往往在“瞬间”就完成了，动作不能“持续”，可以用于完成时态，但在完成时态的句子中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since two days ago, for two years等。如果要表示该动作的延续，就需要将其转换为延续性动词或表示状态的词。 如：判断下列句子的正误： The film started two hours ago. （ ） The film has been on for two hours. （ ） The film has started. （ ） The film has started for two hours. （ ） 常见的非延续性动词有：die, buy, borrow, lend, come, go, arrive, stop, finish, leave, open, close, begin, start, see, marry, join, hear等。 （2）延续性动词，是指动作可以持续的动词，可以跟表示持续一段时间的时间状语连用。 常见的延续性动词有：keep, have, last, run, eat, drink, sing, sleep, sit, teach, live, stay等。 如：I have kept the book for two days. （3）非延续性动词所表示的动作不能持续，若要跟for或since等表示一段时间的状语，则该非延续性动词要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。 如：Jim left his hometown last year. 常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或表示状态的词： 非延续性动词 延续性动词/表示状态的词 die → be dead borrow → keep buy/cat