内容正文:
第七讲 Grammar 现在完成时 I
I. 现在完成时:
一、 基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二、 句型:
否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
三、用法
(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have spent all of my money (so far). (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿)
My father has gone to work. (含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句(过去时)
⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
四、现在完成时的标志
1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。
* 以ever和never为标志
This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以so far(到目前为止)为标志+before
He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
* ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(过去 从句)为标志
注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用。
Exercises:
I. 词汇(共10小题)
A)用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空。
01. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
02. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.
03. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
04. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
05. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(每空不限一词)。
06. My cousin is used to ________(study) with his new friends in Australia.
07.Many changes ____________(take) place in our daily life since the invention of the computer.
08.Hang