考点串讲06 动词不定式作定语和结果状语-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

考点串讲06 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 非谓语动词概况To do 表目的和将来 Doing 表主动和进行 Done 表被动和完成 非谓语动词即不能做谓语的动词，形式为 以下为动词不定式的多种形式： 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 1.不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。 (1)She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系) She is always the first that comes and the last that leaves. 她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。 (2)I can’t think of any good advice to give her.(动宾关系) I can’t think of any good advice that can be given to her 我想不出任何好的建议给她。 (3)His last appeal, to come and see her, went unanswered.(同位关系) His last appeal, which is to come and see her, went unanswered 没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。 2.不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语 To enrich our school life, our school has organized various colorful after-class activities 为了丰富我们的校园生活，学校已经组织了各种多彩的课后活动。 (2)only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.　 我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。 She went to the school in a hurry only to find it was Sunday . 她匆忙赶到学校，结果发现今天是周日。 (3) 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。 常见词有：happy, lucky, glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。 例句： You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。 Glad to receive your letter,in which you said you are interested in Chinese senior high school life. 很高兴收到你的来信，你信中说对中国高中生活感兴趣。 (4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。 例句： 1.His decision was easy to explain: mom wouldn’t have been happy if I’d left him behind. 他的决定很容易解释：如果我把他留下，妈妈会不高兴的。 2.As the old saying goes, “flowers are pleasant to look at but hard to grow.” 正如谚语所说：“看花容易栽花难。” 3.The long sentence is difficult for you to remember. 正常句子对你来说很难记。 【即学即练】 1.The new technology could enable more people ________ (access) the cultural relics