内容正文:
中考英语语法热点题型讲解
一、名词的数、名词的格及名词词义辨析
可数名词
不可数名词
分单、复数两种形式
desk→desks
bus→buses
没有复数形式
tea
meat
前面可用基数词、不定冠词修饰
three boys
an orange
不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰,若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词”
a piece of paper
two cups of tea
可数名词的复数前可用many, some, any 修饰
many teachers
some friends
可用much, some, any修饰
much bread
some milk
类型
构成方法
例子
有生命的名词
(人或动物)
在词尾加’s
Tom’s book; the girl’s ear-ring; the dog’s ears; the hero’s name
以s, es结尾的复数名词只加’
the students’ desks; the workers’ tools; the teachers’ office
不以(e)s结尾的复数名词加’s
men’s clothes; Children’s Day; Women’s Day; sheep’s wool
无
生
命
的
名
词
时间、世界、国家、城市等
一般在词尾加’s
China’s capital; Chengdu’s industries; the world’s population; today’s news
其他
一般用of结构
the door of the room; a map of the world; the legs of the tables; a way of life
二、定冠词、不定冠词a(an)、零冠词及习惯搭配
1.定冠词
1)指上文提到过的人或物。eg:I have a cat.The cat is white.
2)指说话双方都知道的人或物。eg:Open the door, please.
3)指特指的人或物。eg:The girl in red is my sister.
4)指世界上独一无二的事物。eg:The sun is bigger than the earth
5)序数词和形容词最高级前。eg:Our classroom is on the second floor.
6)江河、海洋和山脉名称前。
eg:the Pacific太平洋; the Atlantic大西洋;the Aaaron亚马逊河
7) 乐器名词前。eg; She played the piano wonderfully.
8) 某些由晋通名词组成的专有名词前。
eg:the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United Nations 联合国
9)方位名词前。eg:Shanghai is in the east of China.
10)表示某某一家人的专有名词复数前。
eg: The Lis have moved to their new flat in Water Bay.
李家搬进了位于水湾的新居。
11) 有时“定无词+单数名词”可泛指同一类人或物。
eg:The horse is a useful animal.
12) “定冠词形容词”也可泛指同一类人或物。
eg:It´snot easy to tell the right(right things) from the wrong.
辨别是羊不是件容易的事。
13) 某些习惯用语中。
eg: play the violin拉小提:
lay the table摆好餐其:
take the place of取代;
make the bed整理床铺;
in the future将来;
by the way 顺便说;
for the time being暂时,眼下;
on the phone在听电话
2.不定冠词
1)泛指人或物。 eg:Give me a book.
2)表示数里“一个”。eg:There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
3)表示同类人或物中的任何一个。eg:A horse can run faster than a sheep.
4)某些习惯用语中。
eg: take a look: have a rest make a decision
take an active part in come to an end go on a picnic