内容正文:
Section 4 Grammar—进行时态:现在完成进行时、
过去完成进行时、将来进行时与副词
(一)进行时态
课前观察自主领悟
语法图解
观察句子
①We have been waiting for the bus for half an hour, but it has not come yet.
②This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.
③Miss Jones has been teaching music at Eton School for ten years.
④She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
⑤They had been expecting the news for some time.
⑥Rafael was scolded even though he hadnt been doing anything wrong.
⑦At 5 pm tomorrow, he will be practicing football.
⑧Better not hang out with Sam then. He will be working on his article on critical thinking.
⑨Fish will die without water.
⑩We will attend your party on Sunday.
我的领悟
1.现在完成进行时是表示一个开始于过去,并持续到现在的动作(这动作可能刚停止,也可能还在进行),用于表达事件的持续性。由于现在完成进行时是完成体和进行体的组合,所以它同时具备完成时和进行时的特征,如句①②③,它的基本构成形式是have/has been doing。
2.过去完成进行时是强调动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。在过去某个时间点时,这个动作可能刚刚停止,也可能仍然在进行,如句④⑤⑥,它的基本构成形式是had been doing。
3.将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在做某事,如句⑦⑧。
4.句⑨⑩用的是一般将来时时态,表示客观上将发生某事。
语法课堂高效学习
一、现在完成进行时
1.延续性
表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在,并且活动往往还没有结束,将继续持续下去。
①The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有两千年的造纸历史。(还将继续造纸,不会停止造纸)
②—Why? Jack,you look so tired!
杰克,为什么你看上去这么累啊?!
—Well, I have been painting the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
对,我一直在粉刷屋子,而且明天必须得刷完。(强调一直在做,并且还将持续)
【典型例题】
Mary to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this weekend.
【答案】 has been going
【解析】 考查时态。句意:从6月开始,玛丽每天晚上去上写作课,这个课程将于这周末结束。玛丽上写作课的动作从过去持续到未来的这周末,所以要用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。
2.重复性
到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。
—Isnt it hard to drive to downtown to work?
——开车去市中心上班难道不麻烦吗?
—Yes, thats why I have been going to work by train.
——很麻烦,这也是为什么我一直坐火车去工作的原因。(到现在一直坐火车去上班,强调重复性和持续性)
【典型例题】
Since the time humankind started gardening, we to make our environment more beautiful.
【答案】 have been trying
【解析】 考查时态。关键词是since “自从……”; since引导的从句经常和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。句意:自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在,我们一直都在努力让我们的环境更美丽。本句使用现在完成进行时,强调动作的持续性和反复性。
3.感情色彩性
和进行时一样,现在完成进行时可以带有说话人的感情色彩(如赞扬、厌恶、抱怨等)。