内容正文:
Unit 3 Language in use
Module 6 Eating together
1
学 习 目 标
1
2
复习并巩固各种时态的被动语态。
能够运用被动语态谈论中西方用餐礼仪的差异并能够描述一次特别的就餐经历。
3
通过学习邀请函和西方用餐礼仪, 体会中西方用餐礼仪的差异,保持中国饮食习惯中良好的习惯,借鉴西方饮食习俗中好的方面。
2
课 堂 导 入
Read these sentences and find out the passive voice in them.
I was chosen to play the dance music.
Lunch is usually eaten at about 1 pm.
Knives and forks are used for most Western food.
You will be served by someone who asks, “Would you like some …?”
Language practice
3
被动语态
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示
主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:
We clean the classroom every day.
(主动语态,主语we是clean这一动作的执行者)
The classroom is cleaned every day.
(被动语态,主语the classroom是clean这一动作的承受者)
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
使用被动语态的情况:
1) 不知道或没有必要知道动作的执行者时
e.g. English is spoken all over the world.
2) 强调或侧重动作的承受者时
e.g. This dictionary is used by most students.
时态 谓语构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are +动词过去分词 Knives and forks are used for most Western food.
一般过去时 was/were +动词过去分词 The play was performed by the Beijing English Theatre Company.
一般将来时 be going to/will be +动词过去分词 You are going to / will be invited to a big meal.
各种时态的被动语态:
We bought some books.
主动句与被动句之间的转换
Some books were bought ( by us )
主语 谓语动词 主动语态的过去式 宾语
主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:
1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词,并注意其人称和数
随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现
(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
4. 其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。
注意:
主动语态中,在make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词后接省略to的动词不定式作宾补,在变为被动语态时,须加上to。
e.g. He made us laugh.
→We were made to laugh by him.
2. 双宾语结构改为被动语态时,若直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词由与其搭配的动词决定;若间接宾语(人)作主语,则动词后不需要介词。
e.g. She gave me an orange.
→An orange was given to me by her.
3. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
e.g. Old people are taken good care of in China.
在中国,老年人得到很好的照顾。
A notice will be put up on the wall.
墙上会贴出一个告示。
可以看出take care of, put up等短语动词