内容正文:
第2讲 词形转换
思维定向·两步骤确定词形转换
典例呈现
解题步骤
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,56)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
第一步:分析句子结构,确定何种句子成分
空处放在名词的前面,应用形容词修饰后面的名词soup(汤),
第二步: 分析句子成分,确定何种词形转换
taste 为动词,应转换为其形容词形式。
自主解答: tasty
第一步:分析句子结构,确定何种句子成分
修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子作状语时,用副词;作主语或宾语时,用名词;在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。
第二步: 分析句子成分,确定何种词形转换
根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。
[注意] 有时不但要注意词形转换,而且还要根据语境考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀;同时还要特别注意所填词的正确的拼写形式。
技法点津·根据句意和修饰关系确定词性转换
思维
定向
典例呈现
技法点津
提示词为动词
1.(2023·全国甲卷)However, Carson's theme is a more weighty ________ (warn) about environmental destruction.
解析:warning [形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。]
2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the ________ (arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
解析:arrival [分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是不可数名词,故填arrival。]
有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词,而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词,有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
提示词为名词
1.(2023·全国乙卷)The ________ (remark) development of this city,which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,means there is always something new to discover here,and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
解析:remarkable [分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”,故填remarkable。]
2.(2023·全国甲卷) ________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
解析:Different [be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。]
3.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning).
解析:meaningful [此处是make复合结构,应用形容词作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。]
名词的词性转换
1.提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰,则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀able;al;ful;en;y;less;ly;ous等构成形容词,如:terrible,national, useful, wooden,