2024届高考英语阅阅读素质提升练习（3）

2024年高考英语阅读素质提升练习：原创任务型阅读（3）

【A】

A major emergency can create hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp.

Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in the south of the Republic of Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived.

Refugees camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and are overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees.

One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or village, making them become part of the local population. This is known as the “self-settlement” Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better option in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle.

Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of food, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.

 

问题1: What is the main purpose of setting up refugee camps, and who are the primary organizations responsible for doing so?

问题2: What are the criticisms of refugee camps, and how do they force refugees to be dependent on donations?

问题3: What are the potential problems that can arise in refugee camps, and how do they become dirty, overcrowded, and crime-ridden?

问题4: What is the alternative to refugee camps, and how is it known? What are the

arguments in favor of this alternative?

问题5: How do aid agencies support programs for self-settlement, and what is the main argument in favor of self-settlement?

问题6: What is the main argument against self-settlement, and how does it compare to the benefits of refugee camps?

问题7: What are the long-term aid programs that are easier to carry out when refugees are living together in one place, and how do they help refugees?

问题8: What is the main theme of the text, and how does it discuss the challenges and benefits of both refugee camps and self-settlement?

 

{答案}

 问题1: The main purpose of setting up refugee camps is to provide temporary housing and support for refugees who have been displaced due to emergencies such as war, natural disasters, or political upheavals. The primary organizations responsible for establishing and managing refugee camps include the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

问题2: Criticisms of refugee camps include their dependency on donations, which can lead to competition and fighting among refugees for limited resources. Refugee camps can also become dirty, overcrowded, and disease-ridden, putting inhabitants at risk of contracting diseases and falling victim to crime.

问题3: Refugee camps can become dirty, overcrowded, and disease-ridden due to the large number of people living in close proximity to each other. Overcrowding can lead to inadequate sanitation and hygiene facilities, while the presence of a large number of people in a confined space can facilitate the spread of diseases. Additionally, camps can attract criminals, including drug dealers, who take advantage of the vulnerable population.

问题4: The alternative to refugee camps is known as "self-settlement," which involves refugees integrating into local communities and becoming part of the local

population. This option allows them to rebuild their lives and have more freedom and safety than they would in a camp.

问题5: Aid agencies support self-settlement programs by providing assistance to refugees in finding permanent housing, securing employment, and accessing essential services such as education and healthcare. The main argument in favor of self-settlement is that it allows refugees to start rebuilding their lives immediately and regain a sense of normalcy.

问题6: The main argument against self-settlement is that it can be difficult for refugees to integrate into local communities, especially if they are not culturally or linguistically compatible. Additionally, self-settlement may not provide the same level of support and services that refugee camps offer, such as food, water, and medical supplies.

问题7: Long-term aid programs that are easier to carry out when refugees are living together in one place include family tracing, orphan support, and education. These programs help refugees by providing essential services and support, which can help them overcome the challenges of displacement and resettle successfully.

问题8: The main theme of the text is the discussion of the challenges and benefits of both refugee camps and self-settlement as methods of addressing the needs of refugees. The text highlights the immediate relief provided by refugee camps but also explores the drawbacks of dependency and the potential for long-term integration through self-settlement.

 

 

【B】

After nearly a decade of enduring the busy and noisy life in Las Vegas, Nevada, my family and I reached a decision to have a slower pace and adopt a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle. We collectively agreed that moving to the countryside would be the perfect solution.

After some searching, we found a home in Yucca, Arizona, a small town with a population of less than 1,000 people. However, when I called to ask about the condition of the house, I was surprised to know that there was no electricity available in the area. Initially, I almost denied the idea of living here, but then I realized that it was an excellent opportunity to go green. After careful consideration, we decided to make an offer and moved in on Thanksgiving Day.

In the beginning, we faced challenges as we remodeled (改造) the house and lived in our motor home. However, these frustrations just made us work harder. We gradually fixed the things and after 38 days, we were able to move into the house.

Living off the grid (电线) has been a significant adjustment for us over the past four months, but it has also brought numerous benefits. One of the most educational lessons we have learned is teaching my kids the importance of conservation. They used to take water, power, and gas for granted, but now they understand the need to be mindful of their usage. We have made changes such as taking shorter showers, doing full loads of laundry, and turning off the water while brushing our teeth. Additionally, we have embraced other