(讲义)Unit 1 Food Matters突破 语法大冲关-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册(译林版2020)

动词不定式作主语和表语 [观察例句]　 观察黑体部分在句中的语法作用 1．To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 作主语 2．Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten. 作表语 3．To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 作主语 4．To have known you is a privilege. 作主语 5．The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 作表语 [归纳用法]　 一、动词不定式作主语 1．动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。例如： To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。 To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天扫地是我的责任。 2．如果动词不定式太长，常常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。例如： It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 It's important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。 二、动词不定式作表语 1．表示目的。 The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。 2．表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。 He was to perish in a shipwreck and to leave his wife and two children. 后来他在一次船只失事中死了，留下了妻子和两个孩子。 3．用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。 What am I to say if they ask me the question? 要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？ What am I to do if I have no money? 如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢？ 4．用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。 You are to be rewarded. 你应该受到奖励。(should) It's nowhere to be found. 哪儿也找不到它。(can't be) 5．表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。 They are to marry next week. 他们将在下周结婚。(安排) Children are not to smoke. 儿童不准吸烟。(禁止) 6．动词不定式作表语，可用主动形式表示被动意义。 She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。 A great deal is yet to do. 还有许多事要做。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．To do(do) two things at a time is to do neither. 2．What I would suggest is to start(start) work at once. 3．His wish is to buy(buy) a luxurious car in the near future. 4．It is stupid of you to write(write) down everything that the teacher says. 5．It's a good habit to read(read) books every day. Ⅱ.短文语法填空 I have a lot of hobbies 1.when I studied in college.It was hard for me 2.to save(save) money to keep my hobbies.It was foolish of me 3.to spend(spend) plenty of time with those.But my first task at that time was 4.to study(study) hard.I often got up early 5.to catch(catch) up with other students.It took me two terms 6.to make(mak