Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

定语从句 1． 定义 1. 定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词、名词词组或代词是先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。可以分为：关系代词和关系副词。关系词替先行词并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 Eg:The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Potter. 2． 关系代词 1. 定语从句中的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as. 2. 关系代词所代替的先行词是表人或物的名词、名词词组或代词；并且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。 that:既可以指代人（=who/whom），也可以指代物(=which)；在重聚中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。 Eg.The doctor (that/whom) you are looking for is in the room.(作for后宾语) He is the man that/who wants to see you.(作wants前的主语) which:指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。 Eg:Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.(作is前的主语) The book (that/which) he is reading is too difficult to understand.(作reading后的宾语) who:指人，在从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。 Eg: The person who/that lost the library book must pay for it.(作lost的主语) The actor (who/that) you wanted to see didn’t come.(作see的宾语) whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。 Eg: He is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.(作to的宾语) Mr. Wang is the person(whom) you talked about on the bus.(作about的宾语) whose:既可以指人，也可以指物。在从句中作定语。(=of which/of whom) Eg:The classroom whose door is broken will be repaired.(作定语) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.（作定语） as:常译为“正如”“像...一样的”,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语。在一些固定搭配中常见：such...as...; so...as....; the same...as...（相似）,as...as... 注意：such...that...引导结果状语从句（例7） I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.(作宾语) This is the same knife as I lost yesterday.(作宾语)(相似物) This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(两物为同一物)（作宾语） I will do it in the same way as you did.(作状语) As we all know, he studies very hard.(作宾语) As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.(作主语) This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that whom/that(可省) whose 指物 which/that which/that(可省) whose 3. 关系代词的特殊用法： ①不用that的情况： A. 引导非限制性定语从句时 Eg:The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous. B. 关系代词前有介词时，即没有“介词+that”的用法 Eg:The pen with which he is writing was bought yesterday. C. 先行词本身是that时 Eg:That which you told him is exciting. D. 一个句子有两