2024届高考英语语法简洁重点版本：句子结构-复合句(从句分类）讲义

复合句的概念和例句 复合句 改错: 1.He likes English, his English is very good. 2. His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. 当一个句子中含有两个简单句时，就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。这时我们可以用and,but,or等并列连词来连接这两个句子，也可以用分号(;)来连接。此时，这两个简单句(此时也可称作分句)之间是并列关系，不能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分。 用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句 用从属连词连接起来的句子是并列句.（除并列连词以外的就是从属连词） 复合句 A.用从属连词连接的句子是复合句，还是先看上面的两个错句: 1.He likes English, his English is very good. 2.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. 我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这两句话可改为: 1. Because he likes English, his English is very good. When he likes English, his English is very good. 2. Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home. When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home, 先看第一个句子，当用because连接时，译为“因为他喜欢英语，(所以)他的英语非常好”，主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因，因此。“his English is very good"是主句，“because he likes English”是原因状语从句， 当用 when 连接时，译为“当他喜欢英语时，他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“当他喜欢英语时”是他英语好的时间，因此，“his English is very good"是主句，“when he likes English”是时间状语从句.同理，句2修改后，前面分别为原因状语从句和时间状语从句，后面是主句。 像上面这样，用以属连词连接两个简单句之后，一个句子是主要的(主句)，另外一个句子(从句)是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等，这样构成的句子称为复合句句 B， 当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。 从词或词组升级而来的句子是从句，除从句以外的是主句，整个句子是复合句. The boy over there is my brother. The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother. (当over there 变为“who is wearing a hat”时，句子就含有两个主谓结构:一个是“the boy is my brother"，是主句:另一个是“who is wearing a hat"，是the boy的定语，称为定语从句。who 既作从句成分，又起着从属连词的作用。) 2.I was doing my homework at six. I was doing my homework when he came in. ("I was doing my homework"是一个主谓结构，"he came in”也是一个主谓结构，后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语，是时间状语从句，因此本句是复合句,when 是从属连词。) 3.It is wrong. What he said is wrong. ("what he said"是一个主谓结构。“what he said is wrong”是另外一个主谓结构，what he said 作主语，iswrong系表结构作谓语，因此，本句是复合句。what he said 是主语从句。) 从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出 一个句子如果含有从句，这个句子就是复合句。 从句包括名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。 主语从句 (1) That he has got the scholarship is true.他得了奖学金的事是真的。 (2) That the boy is still alive during the earthquake is a wonder.地震中男孩还活着，真是个奇迹， (3) Whether he can see that letter is unknown.不知道他是否能看见那封信。 (4) Whether it will do us harm re