专题 26 中国文化读写专项：中国园林+中国宝塔- 2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练+素材积累

Lesson 5 Chinese Architecture--- Gardens 中国建筑---园林 The garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in character and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings． In comparison to ordinary structures, the spiritual character of gardens is more outstanding, and it requires that artists have greater and higher ingenuity and imagination． Compared with other gardening systems of the world, such as European or Islamic Chinese gardens have their unusual national characteristics: (1) Paying attention to natural beauty. Chinese gardens carry out processing and transformation of the original terrain and land form by following the principle of "making it seem like nature", or seem naturally formed, so as to satisfy people's feeling of getting close to nature． The buildings in gardens do not focus on artificial, well-arranged patterns, but rather they follow the example of roadside or riverside pavilions and bridges and village buildings that closely integrate the countryside with natural mountains and rivers, becoming a total combination of architectural and natural beauty. (2) Pursuing many twists and turns. Nature itself is ever-changing and interesting. Chinese horticulturists who imitate nature necessarily make efforts to follow changing, free-style composition． Although nature does not have a fixed form, it has a fixed way. Therefore, the "freedom" pursued by the Chinese garden is not absolute. There exists strict ways and methods, only they are not geometric methods but natural ones. The operation of the garden requires even more genius and imagination than the regular composition of a picture. It is of a completely different system compared with the Western landscape gardening theory which “force nature to accept the symm