内容正文:
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初中英语语法专项
---八大时态之:一般现在时
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一般现在时
一.定义:表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
二.结构:
1. 当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句; 在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例:
(1)陈述句:She is a student.
否定句→ She is not a student.
疑问句→ Is she a student? Yes, she is./ No, she isn't.
特殊疑问句→ What is she?
(2)陈述句:I can swim.
否定句→ I can not swim.
疑问句→ Can you swim? Yes, I can./ No, I can't
特殊疑问句→ What can you do?
2. 当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例:
(1)陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.
否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.
疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? Yes. I do./ No.I don't .
特殊疑问句→ What time do you get up every morning?
(2)陈述句:She has a little brother.
否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.
一般疑问句→ Does she have a little brother? Yes. she does./ No.she doesn't
特殊疑问句→ What does she have?
注意“三单变化”:
其动词形式的变化。该时态主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,be和have有特殊的变化形式。例表如下:
构成
示例
读音说明
一般情况在词尾末加-s ,包括以“元音字母+y”结尾的词
work—works
run—runs
play—plays
-在清辅音后读[s],
在浊辅音后读[z]
在元音后读[z]
在以ch,sh,x,s等辅音字母结尾的词末加-es,如词尾为-e,只加-s
miss—misses
finish—finishes
teach—teaches
lose—loses
-es读[iz]
以o结尾的词加-es
go—goes
-es在元音后读[z]
如词尾为 e,只加-s
love—loves
hate—hates
make—makes
-s的读音取决于 e 前的辅音,如该字母是清辅音,则读[s],如是浊辅音则读[z]
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,在加-es
study—studies
-ies读[iz]
注意:以t,d结尾的动词加-s读作[ts],[dz],这两个辅音音素。例如:want—wants, need—needs
三.常用的时间状语:
1. often, usually, sometimes, always 等频度副词。
2. on Sundays, on Monday afternoon, every day,in the morning,等时间状语。
3. once/twice/three times a (day、week、month等)表示频率的词组。
四.具体用法:
1. 表示现在习惯性的、经常重复的或定期发生的动作或存在的状态。常与often, always, sometimes, once a week, everyday, on weekends等连用。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
We go to school every day except on Sunday.除星期天外,我们每天都上学。
【历年真题】
1. My sister is a nurse.She _______early every morning.
A.get up B.is getting up C.got u