不定式to do的用法 讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习

to do 的用法 一、动词不定式作定语 1. 被修饰词+to do(主动)/to be done(被动) ; 1) Actually, I have a lot of homework to do. 2) I made notes of the phrases to be memorized. 3) I am aways the first person to get to school. 2. 抽象名词后常接不定式作定语，常见的抽象名词有：time, way, reason, chance, courage, right, effort, ability, promise, attempt, ambition, plan, decision等。 1) He came up with the way to solve the problem. 2) If given the chance to speak in the school hall, I will be very grateful. 3. 在the first, the second, the last, the best, the only thing等常接不定式作定语 1) Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut to enter the space. 2) Of them, the old man was the last one to attend the meeting. 4. 不定式可以修饰there be结构中表示有… 1) There is a long way before us to go 2) There is enough money to spare. 5. 在something, nothing, anything等不定代词之后，常接不定式。 1) Do you have anything to explain your being late again? 6. 有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。 如ask, demand, plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do/try one’s best, make an attempt, learn, wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(希望；愿意), agree, promise(允诺), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up one’s mind, offer(主动提出), apply, help, fail(未能；失败), prepare, pretend, refuse, happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)等。 二、动词不定式作状语 1. 作目的状语, 动词不定式作目的状语时，一般放在句首或句末，要强调时，通常可以在不定式符号to之前加上in order或者so as, 构成in order to/so as to，但so as to不可放在句首。 1) To enjoy a grander sight, you must climb to a greater height. 2) She got up early so as to/in order to catch the first bus. 2. 作原因状语（adj to do ） (1) “be+表情感的形容词+to do”结构，说明产生这种情绪的原因。此类形容词有happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, sorry, glad, delighted, eager, anxious, interested, worried等。 1) They were surprised to be told the exam results. 2) We're very glad to meet you all here. (2) “be+表性质的形容词+to do”结构，说明主语的特征、性质。此类形容词有easy, hard, difficult, interesting等等。 1) The article in the new magazine is difficult to understand. 2) His picture is pleasant to look at. 3. 作结果状语: 往往含有 “令人意想不到” 的意思, 其中, 以 “使人不愉