2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析（77-78）讲义-2024届高考英语一轮复习

1、 长难句翻译 77. This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. 78.The relationship between humans and the land we live on has evolved over hundreds of years, but no period has involved such rapid change as the past century, when we began using land in new ways. 2、 长难句翻译解析 77.his means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. 01断句 该句的信号词有： ①从句引导词that ②介词to ③从句引导词which ④标点符号逗号 ⑤从句引导词which 所以断句完成后如下： This means / that our noses are limited to / perceiving those smells / which float through the air, / missing the majority of smells / which stick to surfaces. 02找主谓，定主从 第一个主谓结构是第一小句this means；第二个主谓结构是noses are limited ; 根据信号词也可以判断该句有3个从句，找完后标记如下 This means / that our noses are limited to / perceiving those smells / which float through the air, / missing the majority of smells / which stick to surfaces. 03 分析主句和从句 本句的主干是：This means sth.... ①this means 是本句的主干部分，意思是“这意味着...”后面跟着that引导的宾语从句，作that的宾语。 后面的be limited to,意思是“仅限于...”to是介词，所以后面的perceiving是动名词形式。 perceive v. 感知到，意思到，察觉；看待，理解。 eg: Cats are not able to perceive colour. 猫不能辨别颜色。 ②这半句是宾语从句中含有的一个由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those smells。这半句的意思是：在空气中漂浮的气味。 float: v.浮，漂；漂浮；飘来，传来 eg：A couple of broken branches floated past us. 几根断肢从我们身边漂过。 ③这句“missing the majority of smells”是现在分词短语作结果作结果状语从句。 下面补充一下现在分词作结果状语的用法： 句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系。 eg：Winter in India sets in November and continues until February, permitting the cultivation of wheat. 表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后头，其前常有一逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或者thereby(因此，因而) eg: Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thereby forming carbon dioxide. 这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以前边的整个句子，因而，在前一种情况下现在分词短语相当于and连接的并列谓语；在后面一种情况下现在分词短语相当于一个非限定性定语从句。 eg: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.(相当于and的情况) the majority of : （团体中的）多数，大多数 eg: In the vast majority of cases the disease is fatal. 这种疾病绝大多数病例都是致命的。 ④最后半句是which引导