【步步高 人教版】2016届高三英语大一轮复习语法专题《专题5 定语从句》课件+文档（2份）

专题五　定语从句 语法专题 定语从句的考查要点 语法填空 语法与写作 1 定语从句的考查要点 1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please. 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some­-,any­-,every-­和no­与­-body,­-thing的合成词；或all,none,any,some,that,those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。 4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等 关系副词：when，where，why等 5.确定关系词的步骤： (1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。 (1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. (2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit (them) in China. 6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which： (1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 (2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。 (3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。 (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. (5)先行词在主句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which are the books that you bought for me? 7.宜用which而不用that的情况： (1)在非限制性定语从句中。 (2)在关系词前有介词时。 (3)当先行词本身是that时。 (4)关系词后有插入语时。 8.关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 (1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 (2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。 (3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? (4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 9.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? There is a room，whose window faces the river. 10.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 (1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago. 注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。②the same...that...引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now. (2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。 区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。 He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out. As is known，the earth is round. 语法填空