重难点08 完形填空说明文-2024年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）

重难点08 完形填空说明文 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。 预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。 1. 快速弄清文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2. 弄清楚说明的顺序 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 ( 典例分析 ) 典例一 （2023·江苏南通·统考二模）Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children 1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent. The things parents do and say—and the 3 they do and say to them—therefore strongly influence a child’s behavior. Therefore, parents must 4 behave like the type of person they want their child to become. What’s more, a parent’s actions can also 5 the self-image that a child forms through identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly 6 qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may modify their self-image, 7 , as they become increasingly influenced by peers groups standards before they reach 13. A positive attitude and self- image play an important role when children 8 something unexpected. Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a 9 effect on a child’s behavior. Children interact such events according to their established attitudes and 10 training. Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the 11