2023年中考英语语法形容词

形容词 1、 形容词的特征、分类和句法功能 1. 形容词的特征 (1) 作定语,常置于被修饰词的前面 He is a good actor. (2) 作表语,置于连系动词的后面 The baby is still asleep. Will you please make less noise? (3) 多数形容词具有比较级 One of the most important languages is English. 2. 形容词的分类 (1) 根据其构成分类 ①.简单形容词 Kind善良的 green绿色的 interesting有趣的 ②.合成形容词指由几个词共同组成并起形容词作用的词,主要用作定语, 一般不作表语 A. 数词+名词+形容词 a ten-meter-wide river a five-year-old girl B. 形容词(或数词)+名词+ -ed a middle-aged man a fifteen-storeyed building C. 形容词+V+ing an easy-going woman a good-looking man D. 名词+V-ed a man-made lake a snow-copped mountain E. 副词/形容词+V-ed形式 a well-known writer a well-behaved child (2) 根据与名词的关系分类 1. 限制性形容词 指描述事物本质的形容词,它与名词紧紧相连,这些形容词如果去掉会 严重影响本意。 an English dish a French table 2. 描述性形容词 又称非限制性形容词,置于名词之前,常对名词进行描述,省略之后也不会影响所修饰名词的本意 a delicious English dish a smooth French table (3) 根据形容词本身的性质分类 1. 等级形容词指直接说明人或事物的特征、性质并有比较等级变化的形容词,可以用程度副词来修饰,在句中可做定语、表语和补足语。 Mary has a nice voice. Cities today seem to be becoming much busier than ever before. We’re making every effort to make our environment much cleaner and safer. 2. 表语形容词 有一类形容词在句中常作表语,不做前置定语,这种形容词被称为表语形容词。以元音字母开头的形容词大多属于这一类。 Little Linda is not afraid of dogs. Mum has been ill for nearly a week. Go and see if the baby is awake or asleep. 常见的表语形容词:afraid害怕的 alive 活着的 alone单独的 asleep睡着的 awake醒着的 ashamed羞愧的 alike相似的 well健康的 ready准备好的 sorry抱歉的 drunk喝醉的 3. 形容词的句法功能 形容词在句中可做定语,表语,补足语或状语等。 This is a difficult problem to solve.(作定语) Maggie is very polite.(作表语) Don’t make your parents angry.(作宾语补足语) The room was found very dirty.(作主语补足语) He arrived home,hungry and tired.(作状语) 2、 形容词的位置:主要指作定语时与被修饰词的排列顺序。 1. 置于被修饰词前:形容词作定语一般置于被修饰词前 I often have a joyful heart. 2. 置于被修饰词后 (1) 表语形容词作定语 一些表语形容词,如:alive, afraid, awake, asleep等作定语,常用于被修饰词的后面。 The baby still asleep might be awake very soon. 特别提示:作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同的形容词 What is your present address? The people present at the meeting are mostly from the west of China (2) 形容词修饰复合不定代词 形容词在修饰someone ,something ,anyone ,anything ,nothing等符合不定代词时,需要置于其后 Attention, please! I’ve got some