内容正文:
【教材原句感悟】
1.Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.
3.They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
4.Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.
5.When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
[考点领悟]
1.句1和2中加黑词汇在句中作定语。句1中为前置定语,句2中为后置定语。
2.句3、句4和句5中加黑词汇在句中作宾语补足语。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成被动关系。
【语法知识讲练】
一、过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语,常放在所修饰的词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,常放在所修饰的词后面,此时,可转化成相应的定语从句。
①Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health.
污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
②Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books (=which is filled with books).
靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。
(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么没解决的吗?
[名师提醒](1)有些过去分词,如left(剩余的),concerned(有关的)等,习惯用作后置定语。
①the room left 所剩的空间
②the people concerned 有关人士
(2)某些不及物动词的过去分词,不可以单独作前置定语,但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。
①wellbehaved children 规规矩矩的孩子
②a widelytraveled businessman
一个见多识广的商人
③newlyarrived visitors 新来的参观者
2.过去分词作定语时的意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
①a polluted river一条被污染的河流
②the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成,不表示被动
①fallen leaves落叶
②the risen sun升起的太阳
3.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
(1)语态不同:现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。
①The question discussed was very important.
讨论过的那个问题很重要。
②The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
(2)时间关系上不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。
the changing world变化着的世界
the changed world改变了的世界
boiling water沸腾的水
boiled water开水
4.过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别
形式
意义
done(过去分词)
完成
being done(现在分词的被动语态)
进行
to be done(动词不定式的被动语态)
尚未发生
①The building built last year is our classroom building.
这座去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
②The building being built now is our classroom building.
这座现在正在