内容正文:
【教材原句感悟】
1.Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
2.People's lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
3.Many people have been helped by the club.
4.Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
5.A kind of new PC has been built with more functions.
[考点领悟]
1.以上句子中所使用的时态和语态是现在完成时的被动语态。
2.现在完成时的被动语态的构成为:have/has_been+过去分词。
【语法知识讲练】
一、基本结构
肯定式
主语+have/has been done...
否定式
主语+have/has not been done...
一般疑问式
Have/Has+主语+been done...?
特殊疑问式
疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...?
①He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
②The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
这座桥还未竣工。
③Has the date for the next meeting been decided?
下次会议的日期已决定了吗?
④How long has the battery not been changed?
电池多久没有更换了?
二、用法
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
①I have been told the sports meet will be put off.(结果)
我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。
②All the preparations for the task have been done,and we're ready to start.(影响)
这项任务的一切准备都已就绪,我们准备好要开始了。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始,持续到现在,并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”等时间状语连用,此时,该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.(持续)
这台机器已被修了两小时了。
[名师提醒]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
already已经;yet 已经;recently/lately最近;since then 从那时起;ever since自那以来;ever 曾经;so far/up to now/till now/until now迄今为止;for a long time 很长一段时间;by now到现在为止;in recent years在最近几年里;in/during/over the past/last years在过去几年里。
3.在时间或条件状语从句中,常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
I will go home when my homework has been finished.(将来某时处于被完成的状态)
完成家庭作业后,我就会回家。
三、注意事项
1.现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事情与现在有联系;而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关,与现在没有关系。
①The library has been built.(图书馆可以用了)
这座图书馆已经建好了。
②The library was built last year.(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的)
这座图书馆是去年修建的。
2.非延续性动词,如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。
[误]How long has the book been borrowed?
[正]How long ago was the book borrowed?
[正]How long has the book been kept?
这本书借了多久了?
3.动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时,动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。
The injured bird has