内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar
v.ing形式和v.ed形式作宾语补足语
[对应学生用书P125]
[观察]
1.We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.
2.It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark.
3.People just wanted them killed.
4.She can be seen wearing mermaid clothing and diving up to 50 feet underwater to swim with dolphins, sharks and whales.
[归纳]
1.句1中的swimming是v.ing形式作宾语补足语,与宾语之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
2.句2中的frightened是v.ed形式作宾语补足语,表示宾语的状态。
3.句3中的killed是v.ed形式作宾语补足语,与宾语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
4.句4中的黑体单词是v.ing形式作主语补足语,与主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
[对应学生用书P125]
一、v.ing形式作宾语补足语
v.ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。v.ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)+sb.+doing sth.(作宾语补足语)。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到小男孩在那儿哭。
2.表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, let, keep, get, leave等)+sb./sth.+doing sth.(作宾语补足语)。
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won't have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
二、v.ed形式作宾语补足语
1.过去分词在表示状态的动词keep,leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起晚了,没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。
2.过去分词在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”意为“让别人做某事”,不过“have+宾语+过去分词”还有“遭遇到某种不幸”之意。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔进行了行李安检。
While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into.
在他们度假时,他们的汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用非常通俗易懂的英语来设法让别人理解自己。
3.感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上,人们发现他们房子外面的世界完全变了样。
4.表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like,want,wish,expect,order等,其后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to b