内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Using language—Grammar
it作形式主语
[对应学生用书P94]
[观察]
1.But it is vital not to take any chances.
2.It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries.
3.It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton ...
4.It is no use crying over spilt milk.
5.It is no good sighing about your failure;you'd better start again.
6.It makes me angry that he doesn't study hard.
7.It is not clear whether they consider this opinion or not.
[归纳]
1.句1、2、3中it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
2.句4、5中的it代替的真正的主语是动名词短语。
3.句6、7中的it代替的真正主语分别是由that和whether引导的从句。
[对应学生用书P94]
当主语是动词不定式(或其复合结构)、动词的ing形式和主语从句时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,常用it(不能用that,this等词)作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在谓语动词之后。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实际词义,代替句子的逻辑主语。
二、it作形式主语时的常用句型
1.it代替不定式短语作形式主语的常用句型
(1)It+be+名词/名词词组+to do sth.,这类名词有:a pleasure,a fact,a habit等。
It is our duty to help the weak and the poor.
扶弱济贫是我们的责任。
(2)It+be+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.,这类表示事物特征、特点的形容词有:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,interesting,dangerous等。
It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
动词不定式作主语时,一般情况下用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面。也可以直接用不定式作主语。
It is wrong to tell lies.=To tell lies is wrong.
撒谎是不对的。
(3)It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.
当形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时,不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。常用形容词有:kind,good,polite,selfish,clever等。
It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.
你能及时帮助我真是太好了。
(4)It takes+sb.+时间或金钱+to do sth.,意为“某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事”。其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式,句中的sb.也可省略。
It took me 5 days to finish reading the novel.
我花了5天时间才读完那本小说。
句子含有动词cost,need,require,make,sound,occur等也可用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面。
It sounds reasonable to do it this way.
听起来这样做有道理。
[即学即练] 单句填空
①It's not easy for us to learn(learn) a foreign language.
②It was brave of him to risk his life to save the drowning child.
完成句子
③我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。
It took us three years to complete the project.
2.it代替动名词短语作形式主语的常用句型
(1)It+be+名词/名词词组+doing sth.,这类名词(组)有:(no) use,no good,a waste of time等。
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
和他争论这件事是没有用的。
(2)It+be+形容词+doing sth.,这类形容词有:hard,foolish,en