Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Using language—Grammar 过去完成时的被动语态（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using language—Grammar 过去完成时的被动语态 [对应学生用书P42] [观察] 1．At the start of the detox，over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media，in ANY form，for seven days. 2．They had been promised money by family and friends for each day spent without using social mediA． 3．I bet you're as eager as I am to find out just how many have been motivated enough to last the full seven days! 4．And what，if anything，has been learnt from the experience? 5．But on reflection，I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone. 6．On Monday，my classmate and I spoke about what we did at the weekend—it felt really strange not to already know what he had done. 7．It made me realise the value of real contact that I had forgotten. 8．After reading the posts on this forum，it seems that something other than money has also been raised through the detox. [归纳] 1．以上句子中，句1，2，5 是过去完成时的被动语态，其谓语的构成形式为：had been done。 2．以上句子中，句3，4，8 是现在完成时的被动语态，其谓语的构成形式为：have/has been done。 3．以上句子中，句 6，7是过去完成时的主动语态，其谓语的构成形式为：had done。 [对应学生用书P43] 过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。其基本构成为：had been done。 The room had been cleaned when we came. 我们来的时候房间已经打扫干净了。 1．用在tell，say，know，think等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。 He said that the books had already been sold out. 他说书已经卖完了。 The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the hurricane. 报纸报道说有一百多人在飓风中丧生。 2．当before，when，by the time，until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，或by，before后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫干净。 By the time she was 13，my sister had been sent to America． 我姐姐在13岁前就已经被送到美国了。 3．在It was the first/second/...time that ...从句中，主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the first time that I had been criticized in public． 那是我第一次当众被批评。 4．在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been invited earlier，I would have gone with you. 如果我早点收到邀请，我就和你一起去了。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①By the end of last year，10，000 trees had been planted(plant) in that