内容正文:
中考难点语法复习:被动语态
一.含义:
(1)主语和谓语之间不是主动的含义,是被动含义,即表示被动关系。
(2)主语是动作的被执行者。
二.基本结构:be+done(动词的过去分词)
巧记:被(bei)动(dong) be done
三.不同时态下的被动结构:
(1)一般过去时 did was/were done
e.g. He made the kite.
被动:The kite was made by him.
(2)一般现在时: do/doesam/is/are done
e.g.We always clean the classroom.
被动:The classroom is always cleaned by us.
(3)一般将来时:will dowill be done
e.g. I will sing a song.
被动:The song will be sung by me.
四.使用法则:
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
My purse was stolen yesterday.
(2)不必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
More trees must be planted every year.
(3)需要强调或者突出动作的承受者。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
(4)动作的发出者不是人而是物的时候。
Many houses were washed away by the flood.(无主动意义)
五.特殊情况:
(1)不用被动的词:
当sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词若有状语well, easily, badly来修饰时,用主动形式表达被动意义。
The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
(2)注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动
He _was_____ __seen____ _to_____ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
这样的情况还有:see/hear/watch sb. do 等。
六.转化方法:
(1)原宾语变现主语。
注意:原-原主动语态;现-现被动语态
(2)谓语动词变为“be+done”,
注意通过be动词展现时态。
(3)主动语态的主语变为:by+宾语。
(7)被动语态相关常用短语:
与被动语态相关的句型有:
1.be covered with被……覆盖
2.be made of由……制作(发生物理变化)
be made from由……制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造
be made by被(某人)制造
3.be used for被用来……
be used as被当作(作为)……来使用
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4.It is said that...据说……
It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……例如
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