Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P11] 过去完成时 观察下面句子，说出画线部分的时态。 1．(2021·全国Ⅰ卷)My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. 2．(2021·全国Ⅰ卷)They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. 3．(2021·浙江6月卷)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. 4．(2021·浙江6月卷)He was a livestock trucker, and I thought that I would surpass (超过) anything he had accomplished by the time I walked across the stage at high school graduation. 5．I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university. 6．They came earlier than we had expected. 7．He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office. [自我归纳]　 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。其中1,2,3,5,6的谓语动词的动作发生在另一动词的动作之前。4句中用的是by the time...(到……之前/为止)结构。 一、过去完成时的结构 主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他． ①肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他． ②否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他． ③疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ ⑤被动语态：主语＋had(not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 二、过去完成时的用法 1．过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。 When the explorer hurried to the destination，the others had already left. 当这名探险者匆忙赶到目的地的时候，其他人已经离开了。 By ten o'clock last Sunday，I had taken 200 pictures on the mountain. 到上周日10点钟，我已经在山上拍摄了200张照片。 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 He told us that he had done the scientific research for 5 years. 他告诉我们他做科学研究已经5年了。 3．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 I had never thought that you were content to help me. 我从未想过你愿意帮我。 I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。 4．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 She said that she had never been to Paris. 她说她从未去过巴黎。 5．在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前的，用过去完成时；发生在后的，用一般过去时。从句常由when，before，afte