Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Using language—Grammar（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using language—Grammar 过去完成时 [观察] 1．(教材P50)It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree． 2．(教材P50)What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”． 3．(教材P51)After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of plants and animals he had collected． 4．(教材P51)At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since． 5．(教材P51)Over time，it had slowly evolved into many new species． [归纳] 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态。观察以上句子可知，过去完成时的构成是had＋过去分词。 过去完成时的构成为“had＋过去分词”。主要用法如下： 1．表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。 By the end of last week，they had finished the work． 到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。 She said that she had finished her homework． 她说她已完成家庭作业了。 2．某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope，expect，suppose，think，want，wish等。 They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time． 他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。 I had hoped to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so． 我本来想送他一张圣诞节贺卡，但把这事给忘了。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①When I got to school I found that my classmate had_left(leave)． ②Originally，we had_intended(intend) to go to Italy，but then we won the trip to Greece． 1．在no sooner ．．．than，hardly ．．．when句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。 I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang． 我刚踏入教室的门，铃就响了。 No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down． 他刚冲出去房子就塌了。 2．在“It was the first time that ．．．”句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune． 这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。 3．常用于because等引导的原因状语从句，as等引导的方式状语从句的复合句中，当强调主句的行为和状语从句的行为先后发生时，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。 I didn't go to see the movie The Gold Rush because I had seen it twice． 我没去看电影《淘金热》，因为这部片子我已看过两遍了。 4．在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句谓语动词为said，asked，answered，remembered等时，从句谓语动词表示在这以前完成的动作，用过去完成时。 I remembered that I went out after I had closed the window． 我记得自己是在关上窗后才出去的。 5．定语从句中的动作如果发生在主句动作之前，要用过去完成时。 I