内容正文:
专题17 过去完成时
备战2024年中考英语一轮复习之语法
讲 义
过去完成时的用法
1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即"过去的过去"。通常与by,before连用。
We had learned 5,000 words by the end of last month. 到上个月底,我们已经学了5,000个单词。
2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
3. 过去完成时需 要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存 在此时多与 already, yet, still, just, before, never等时间副词及by, before, until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.(had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)
过去完成时的构成
had +动词的过去分词
由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
1. by + 过去的时间点。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
2. by the end of + 过去的时间点。
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
3. before + 过去的时间点。
They had planted six hundred tr ees before last Wednesday.
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去";而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:
They had arriv ed at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的 动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before, after, as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:
He e ntered the room, turned on the light an d read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为"助动词 have (has) + 过去分词";过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调"过去的过去",只 有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它 。试比较:
I have learned 1000 Eng lish words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 Eng