内容正文:
高三一轮复习-非谓语动词
【知识点概述】
动词的非谓语形式有动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式三类。动词的非谓语形式相当于名词、形容词或副词。
【知识点1 动词不定式】
动词不定式的基本形式为to do,在句中作主语、宾语、标语、定语、状语和补足语。
种类
时态
主动形式及意义
被动形式及意义
不定式
一般式
to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后
to be done 被动、将来
进行式
to be doing 谓语发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
——
完成式
to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前
to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前
一、动词不定式的句法功能(即在句子中充当什么成分)
1. 动词不定式作主语 多数情况下用it代替不定式作形式主语
E.g. To see is to believe.眼见为实
E.g. It was great to chat with you in the coffee shop! 在咖啡店和你聊天很高兴!
It's important for the figures ________(update) regularly. to be updated
2. 动词不定式作表语
1 表示主语的职业、职责、性质等
E.g. I found a part-time job, which is to guide the patients.
2 主语往往是aim, purpose, idea, intention, plan, wish, decision, choice, desire等。
E.g. The intention of this book is to introduce popular science.s
My plan is _______(sell) the house and buy an apartment. to sell
3. 动词不定式作宾语
后加不定式作宾语的动词有:want, wish, hope, offer, decide, long(渴望), happen(碰巧), arrange, learn, refuse, promise, pretend, expect, afford等。
E.g. She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.他闭上眼睛,假装睡着了。
⭐注意:有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语,如,learn, ask, discuss, explain, know, remember, forget, understand, think, consider, wonder, show, tell, decide等。
E.g. I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples. 我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。
4. 动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
1)被修饰的词被序数词、the only、the right 或最高级修饰且与不定式有主动关系。
E.g. Jim is the only one to win a medals in shooting.
2)动词不定式和被修饰词构成被动关系。若不定式中的动词为不及物动词,其后应加介词。
E.g. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
3) decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right(权利), ability, patience后用不定式作定语,说明名词的内容。
E.g. We made a plan to set up a club for car fans.
4)在表示有要做的事情时,通常用不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。
E.g. I have a lot of work to do.我有许多活要干。
5. 动词不定式作状语
1 作目的状语:可用in order to/so as to+动词原形