内容正文:
第一讲 谓语动词
一、动词的时态和语态
考点一 动词的时态
In the past, I liked① playing computer games very much. Once when my mother came into my room, I was playing② games. She was very angry and cried sadly. My mother had asked③ me to quit it many times before that, but I didn't make it. I thought I would try④ again. Now, I have given up⑤ playing games and I am studying⑥ hard. I have been reading⑦ some books on computers and in the future, I want to be a computer engineer and will develop⑧ some puzzle games that teenagers like⑨ but are not addicted to. Of course, I will be playing ⑩ games at any time as long as I want.
注释:
①是一般过去时,结构为:谓语动词用过去式形式。②是过去进行时,结构为:was/were+现在分词。③是过去完成时,结构为:had+过去分词。④是过去将来时,结构为:would+动词原形。⑤是现在完成时,结构为:have/has+过去分词。⑥是现在进行时,结构为:am/is/are+现在分词。⑦是现在完成进行时,结构为:have/has been+现在分词。⑧是一般将来时,结构为:will+动词原形。⑨是一般现在时,结构为:谓语动词为动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。⑩是将来进行时,结构为:will+be+现在分词。
一、一般时态
Ⅰ.一般现在时
1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要由动词原形或动词的第三人称单数构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am,第三人称单数形式用is,其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。
实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则:
变化规则
例词
一般情况直接-s
hate→hates
结尾为-s,-x,-sh,-ch或-o,在词尾加-es
discuss→discusses
fix→fixes
wash→washes
teach→teaches
go→goes
结尾为“辅音字母+y”
变y为i再加-es
carry→carries
study→studies
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。
He often goes to work by bus,and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班,而且每天晚餐后和妻子一块儿散步。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。
Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧!4026航班18:20起飞。
(3)在状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时态时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
If it is fine tomorrow,we will go there.
要是明天晴天,我们就去那里。
Ⅱ.一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。动词的过去式的变化规则是:
变化规则
例词
一般情况在动词后加-ed
look→looked
以-e结尾的动词后加-d
hope→hoped
like→liked
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加-ed
study→studied
try→tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节
结尾,词尾只有一个辅音
字母时双写词尾的辅音
字母再加-ed
stop→stopped
admit→admitted
permit→permitted
prefer→preferred
2.一般过去时的用法
表示