UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Using language-【高考领航】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步核心辅导与测评（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 过去完成时 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成 1．It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. 2．What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting ... 3．After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. 4．At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. 5．Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. 【语法感悟】 1．句1－5都使用了过去完成时。 2．句3中，After引导时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。 3．过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态，其构成为“had＋过去分词”。 一、过去完成时的构成和用法 1．构成：had＋过去分词 2．用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by、by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time、before、when、until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 ◆By the end of 2022, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 到2022年底，他已经收集了1000多枚外国邮票。 ◆When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。 (2)表示发生在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for、since等词连用。 ◆I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了30分钟，终于来了一辆公交车。 (3)表示“希望、打算或意图”的动词如hope、mean、want、think、expect、plan、intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 ◆I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. 我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。 3．过去完成时在几个重点固定句型中的应用 (1)no sooner ...than、hardly ...when “一……就……；刚……就……”(主句用过去完成时)。 ◆I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.(＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.) 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 ◆I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.(＝Hardly had I stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.) 我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。 (2)It was the first/second/ ...time＋that ...“那是第几次……”(从句用过去完成时)。 ◆It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 (3)It was＋一段时间＋since 从句“自……多长时间了”(从句用过去完成时)。 ◆It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 (4)主句＋by the time＋表示过去的从句“到……时，已经……”(主句用过去完成时)。