2023年高考英语阅读长难句高效分析四步法讲义-2024届高考英语一轮复习

A.五种基本句型结构 一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) （谓语为不及物动词） The red sunrises in the east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。 Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。 与up有关的短语： 1. give.up放弃 2.take up占据，占去，从事 3.put up举起，挂起，张贴，搭建 4. set up建立，创立 5.open up打开，开阔 6.dress up乔装打扮 7.stay up熬夜，不睡觉 His parents have worked in the company for ten years. 他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。 What he said does not matter.他说的话不重要。 They had to travel by boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。 2、 句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语) 系动词： 系动词分为两种:状态系动词，像类系动词和感官系动词。 ①状态系动词:一个“是”:即be，其具体形式有am,is，are,has been,have been,had been, was, were,should be，will be等。 三个“保持”:即keep，remain,stay.此外， rest, lie,stand同样有“保持”之意。 五个“变化”: become，grow,turn,fall， get，go,come,run ，此外还有:fall,come,run等。 ②终止系动词: prove，turn out(结果是,证明是。如:All things proved false.所有的情况原来是假的。 ③像类系动词，即表示“，似乎，好像”,主要有seem，appear，look等.如: He looks tired.他看起来很累.He seems (to be) quite happy.他好像很快活.He appeared quitewell.他显得身体相当好。感官系动词，我们用五个“起来”串联。即: feel(摸起来,感觉)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来,吃起来)，look(看起来)。 Our English teacher is thirty years old.我们的英语老师30岁了。 The cake tastes delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。 The potatoes went bad in the field.土豆在地里就坏了。 They seemed very happy together.他们在一起好像很幸福。 It gets colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。 The leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。 三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)（谓语为及物动词） ＋ Object (宾语) He put the dictionary in the backpack. 他把词典放进了背包里。 I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.我刚 才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。 They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party. 他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。 She stopped teaching English two years ago. 她两年前就不教英语了。 Do you know when he left for Beijing? 你知道他什么时候去的北京吗? Mother promised to give me a present. 母亲答应要给我一件礼物。 Would you mind opening the window?打开窗户你介意吗? 注意事项①：跟不定式to do 作宾语的动词有： 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain,