UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ GRAMMAR & WRITING-【高考领航】2023-2024学年高中英语必修第一册同步核心辅导与测评（北师大版）

Section Ⅳ　GRAMMAR & WRITING Grammar—不定式和分词作形容词 (一)不定式 品读例句，体会黑体部分不定式的用法 1．My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. 2．It's important to meet friends in person from time to time，not just on social media. 3．When I set out to do something，I give it my all to achieve it. 4．My biggest target is to prepare myself for my degree in science in university. 5．I often use the time to review English words. 【思考发现】 不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not_to＋动词原形”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand. 为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。 (2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too ...to do ...(太……而不能……)；so/such ...as to ...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 2．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。 (2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。 And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea it self. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 (4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者) I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought? 我要