2023年中考英语复习：语法现在完成时 讲义

现在完成时 中考重点:时间标志词、瞬间性动词&延续性动词、have been to&have gone to&have been in。 一.结构:主语+have/has+done 助动词 过去分词 I have lost my pen. He has just had lunch. 否定句:在have/has后添加not,注意:have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t 疑问句:助动词have/has 提前。 二.用法: 1.过去发生的动作或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响,落脚点是现在。 I have lost my pen.(未找到/伤心) He has just had lunch.(饱了) 2.过去发生的动作持续到现在,并且可能继续持续下去。 We have lived here since 10 years ago. Past Now Future 3. 多次发生的动作。 She has been to Shanghai three times. 三.标志词 (1)already & yet already 已经,肯定句中 yet 还;未, 否定句末 He has already been away. I haven’t finished my homework yet. (2)for&since a. for+一段时间 They have been friends for 10 years. b.Since 自从;+过去时间点 They have been friends since 10 years ago. 2000 they started school. (3)ever&never ever 曾经;疑问句和肯定句中 never 从不 Have you ever been to Shanghai? I have never traveled by plane before. (4) just & in the past few years 区分:just now&in the past 用于一般过去时 (5)recently & so far & before 四.瞬间性动词和延续性动词。 常考题型:翻译 表示短暂性时间的词,如come, go, die, marry, buy不能与for, since 等表示一段时间的词连用。需要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。 翻译(1)他已经去世两年了。 He has died for two years. (×) He has been dead for two years.(√) (2)他借用我的书两天了。 He has borrowed my book for two days. (×) He has kept my book for two days. (√) 常考的瞬间性动词转换成延续性动词的有: borrow-keep buy-have come-be here go-be away start/begin-be on open-be open close-be closed join-be in marry/get married to -be married to die -be dead 注意:大部分转换后的延续性动词是be+介词/形容词,表示可延续性的状态。 总结:瞬间性动词+一段时间(×) 延续性动词+一段时间(√) 中考题: B— How long_you_Beijing? —For about nine years. A. have; arrived in B. have; taught in C.have; got to D. did; reach 注意:1.判定时态 2.分析长短动词 五.易混词组:Have been to &have gone to&have been in Have been to 去过(回来了) I have been to Nanjing three times. Have gone to 去了(在路上/已到达目的地;没回来) 题目: D-Where’s your father? -He _to Shanghai. A. goes B. went C. has gone to D. has been to have been in 已在某地待了多长时间 =have stayed in They have been in China for two years. 六.重点答题技巧: 1.圈时间标志词-判断时态 2.圈主语——判断助动词,第三人称单数has,其余have 3.判断长短动词 长动词时间标志词:for, since how long 可以用于现在完成时中,且必须跟长动词 1. — Oh,