第二部分 五、非谓语动词(正文)-2024年普通高中学业水平测试合格考英语

五、非谓语动词 Ⅰ.定义及分类 非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法成分的动词。非谓语动词主要包括动词不定式、动词­ing形式和过去分词。 Ⅱ.形式及意义 1．动词不定式 语态 时态　　 主动 被动 意义 一般时 to do to be done 说话时的状态或将来的动作 完成时 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前 进行时 to be doing / 动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 否定形式 not/never to do / / 2.动词­ing形式 语态 时态　　 主动 被动 意义 一般时 doing being done 所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生 完成时 having done having been done 所表示的动作先于谓语动作发生 否定形式 not＋动名词结构 3.过去分词 形式 意义 v.­ed形式 所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，表示与所修饰名词之间是被动关系 Ⅲ.基本用法 1．动词不定式可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 It's our duty to protect the wild animals. 保护野生动物是我们的责任。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 对敌人的善良就是对人民的残忍。 (2021·山东冬季合格考)And big companies came to buy his corn as well. 并且大公司也来买他的玉米。 The school requests students to wear uniforms.学校要求学生们穿校服。 2．动词­ing形式可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 (2021·山东冬季合格考)Unable to believe it，Mr Smith gave the employee a dollar，asking her to keep the change. 简直不敢相信，史密斯先生给了那名员工一美元，让她不用找了。 We can see the sun rising in the east. 我们可以看到太阳正从东方冉冉升起。 The professor delivering a speech is from Harvard University. 正在演讲的教授来自哈佛大学。 3．过去分词可作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语 Many people invited to the party are famous film stars. 应邀参加聚会的很多人都是著名影星。 Though they got sunburnt on the beach, they were very happy. 虽然他们在沙滩上晒伤了，但是他们还是很开心。 I had to speak loudly in the lecture hall to make all the people heard. 在演讲大厅为了让大家都能听到，我不得不大声说话。 Ⅰ.语法填空 1．(2022·山东冬季合格考)Magdi Saleh is a teacher training ________ (live) in Cairo，Egypt. 2．(2021·山东冬季合格考)Suddenly, he saw a monkey ________ (play) with a balloon(气球)outside his window. 3．(2021·山东冬季合格考)Would you mind ________(settle)the debt(债)? 4．(2019·山东冬季合格考)To avoid bad luck，people get together and spend the day ________ (climb) a mountain, drinking chrysanthemum wine(菊花酒)and wearing the dogwood plant. 5．(2018·山东冬季合格考)Many people would like ________ (drink) tea in teahouse. 6．________ (keep) the air clean, the government will close some factories in the city. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．It is nice of you ________________ tonight. 今晚你能邀请我参加你的