内容正文:
第02讲 名词和主谓一致
目录
1
1
考点一 名词的数 3
考点二 名词所有格 3
考点三 名词的功能 4
考点四 主谓一致 5
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①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配
②名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)
③名词的所有格
④抽象名词的具体化
⑤名词和冠词的搭配
⑥主谓一致
考点一 名词的数
1.可数名词的数(不规则变化)
(1)单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep。
(2) 合成名词的复数。如:boyfriend→boyfriends, go-between→go-betweens(中间人), grown-up→grown-ups, passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。
(3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现,表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称,不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能加不定冠词a/an,但可以用a pair of/two pairs of, many等修饰。
如:clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers, scissors, scales等;
另外一类总是以复数形式出现,但不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能用a/an,a pair of等修饰,只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。如:belongings, congratulations, contents, earnings, fireworks, goods, leavings, pains, spirits, savings, stairs, surroundings, wages, arms等。
(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people, cattle, police;有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
2.不可数名词的数
(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:a surprise一件令人惊讶的事;a success一个(件)成功的人(事); an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事);a failure一个(件)失败的人(事);an experience一次经历;a pleasure一件乐事
②抽象名词与a(n)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.;Would you like to have a walk (swim,bath,talk) with me?;It is a waste of time reading such a novel.;She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)有些物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类时,可以用作可数名词。如:a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡;a drink一杯饮料,three drinks三杯饮料;a few grey hairs几根白发;a glass一只玻璃杯。
【典例分析】
【例1】(2023秋·新疆省直辖县级单位·高三新疆石河子一中校考)In the after-class activities, the students had plenty of ____ and gained a lot of practical ____.
A.exercises; experiences B.practices; experience
C.practice; experience D.exercise; experiences
【例2】(2023春·广东梅州·高一校考)She realised that one of the greatest of the Internet was its ability the