内容正文:
第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would_be (be) Yellow Hostel.
2.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷改编)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could_have_made(make) six salads with what I threw out.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must to be easy to cook.去掉must后的to
2.(2021·天津3月卷)It used to be that you must drive for miles here without seeing another person,but now there are houses and people everywhere.must→could
一、情态动词
考点一 常见的情态动词
1.can,could
(1)can和could均可表示能力,只不过could表示过去的能力。
Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。
(2)表示请求、允许。在一般疑问句中could可代替can,但比can语气更委婉,答语要用can。
—Can/Could you help me?
—Yes, I can.
“你能帮我吗?”
“可以。”
(3)can表示具体事情发生的可能,常用于否定句和疑问句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时可用于肯定句。could表示推测时比can可能性要小,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。
Accidents can happen in this weather.这种天气可能会发生事故。
It could be weeks before we get a reply.我们可能要等好几个星期才能得到回复。
[特别提醒] can表示“有能力做某事”,只有现在式和过去式两种形式;be able to 可用于各种时态,强调通过努力而成功地做某事,相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
The village was destroyed in the earthquake but that little dog was able to survive.这个村庄在地震中毁灭了,但那只小狗竟然活了下来。
2.may,might
(1)表示许可,意为“可以”。
—Might/May I ask for a picture of your little daughter?
—Yes,you may.
“我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗?”
“是的,可以。”
(2)表示可能性,might的可能性更小。
(3)“May+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿。
3.must
(1)must可用来表示必要性,意为“必须”,常用于肯定句中。用在否定句中时,其否定形式为must not或mustn't,意为“禁止,不许”。
They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.他们还帮助他明白了,人们必须合作并努力实现共同目标。
(2)must 还可表示“偏偏,非要”,多用于疑问句中。
Must you play the violin at midnight?It disturbs the neighbors!你一定要在半夜拉小提琴吗?这太打扰邻居们了!
4.shall,should
(1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。用于第三人称,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该,必须”。
I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我许诺给他一件生日礼物。
(2)should表示责任或义务,意为“应当,应该”。也可表示惊讶、难以置信等,意为“竟然”。还可以用于虚拟语气中。
Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower?It will make her feel better.为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢?这会让她感觉好