语法专题二 需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词-【创新思维】2024高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套教参（北师大版 新教材 老高考）

专题二　需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词 第一讲　名词 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2021·全国乙卷)Activities (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)． 2．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 3．(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans (human) are. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. chopstick→chopsticks 2．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. vacations→vacation 3．(2021·全国甲卷)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.friend→friends 考点一　名词的单复数 1．名词复数的规则变化 规　则 例　词 一般在词尾直接加－s books，horses，beds，pages 以－s，－x，－sh，－ch结尾的名词，多数情况下在词尾加－es glasses，boxes，brushes，watches(例外：stomach→stomachs) 以“辅音字母＋－y”结尾的名词，需把y变为i再加－es cities，countries，factories，families，stories，parties 以元音字母＋－y结尾的名词，直接加－s holidays，monkeys 以－o结尾 的名词 加－s radios，pianos，photos，zoos 加－es potatoes，tomatoes 以－o结尾的部分名词的复数形式有两种，既可加－s也可加－es zeros/zeroes，volcanos/volcanoes 以－f或 －fe结尾 的名词 把f或fe变成v，再加－es half→halves，knife→knives， leaf→leaves，thief→thieves， wife→wives，wolf→wolves 直接加－s roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs 2.名词复数的不规则变化 (1)单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means (方式，方法)，series，species，works (工厂，作品) (2)单数形式复数意义：people，police，cattle (3)复数形式单数意义：news，physics，politics，maths (4)合成名词的复数：passer－by→passers－by，looker－on→lookers－on，grown－up→grown－ups，stand－by→stand－bys (5)词形变化：man→men，woman→women，child→children，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice，ox→oxen (6)名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如woman doctor→women doctors。 [特别提醒]　有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式。如thanks，clothes，congratulations，trousers，glasses (眼镜)等。 考点二　不可数名词 1．常见的不可数名词 information信息；advice忠告，建议；progress进步，进展；knowledge知识；weather天气；fun乐趣，快乐；equipment设备；furniture 家具；wealth财富； traffic交通，车辆