2024届高三英语语法复习：分词作状语讲义

分词作状语 一．分词 1. 分词分为doing和done doing分为动名词（n）和现在分词（adj/adv） done 表现为被动和完成。（一般情况下，及物动词的被动表现为被动，不及物动词表现为完成） The boy punished by his mother(被动) had to sweep the fallen（完成）leaves on a windy day. 2.现在分词作定语表示正在进行，过去分词作定语表示已完成。 boiling water 正在沸腾的 boiled water开水 developing countries发展中国家 developed countries发达国家 falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶 the rising sun冉冉升起的太阳 the risen sun升起的太阳 a changing world一个正在发生改变的世界 a changed world一个变了的世界 二．状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 when, while, as while, before, after, since, until等 2. 地点状语从句 where, anywhere, wherever, everywhere等 3. 原因状语从句 because, since, as, in that等 4. 结果状语从句so...that , such...that等 5. 目的状语从句so that, in order that等 6. 条件状语从句 if, unless, in case that等 7. 让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though等 8. 方式状语从句 as, as if, how. the way等 9. 比较状语从句as, the more...the more....等 每一个句子都要满足1.句子要完整2.陈述语序3.时态一致 三．分词作状语 状语就是动作发生的时间，地点，原因，伴随等部分。 状语由副词、介词短语、分词和从句等来充当。 当从句主语和主句主语一致时，状语从句可以省略为分词形式的状语。 ⑴省略从句中的引导词/连词、主语和助动词（do/did省略，have不能省略，be可省略可不省略），将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。 (2)判断主语和从句谓语动词关系：若是主动、进行的动作用现在分词，若是被动的动作用过去分词。 四．现在分词作状语 (一般用逗号隔开) (状语找主语，主语问关系) (注 1.如果分词动作和谓语同时发生或相继发生则用现在分词doing。 2.如果分词的动作先于谓语动作发生，则用现在分词完成式having done。3.用when/while/after等+现在分词短语结构，作时间状语) 1.When they heard the news, he burst into tears. Hearing the news, he burst into tears. (主句从句动作是同时发生的，hear的逻辑主语是he) 2.When we came out of the theater, we found that it was quite impossible to get a taxi. Coming out of the theater, we found that it was quite impossible to get a taxi. (主句从句动作是相继发生的，hear的逻辑主语是he) 3.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (从句动作是先于主句动作，hear的逻辑主语是he) After finishing his homework, he went to bed. (连词+现在分词短语作时间状语) After he had written an important letter, he listened to the music for a while. 改写1.Having written an important letter, he listened to the music for a while. (从句动作是先于主句动作) 改写2.After writing an important letter, he listened to the music for a while. (连词+现在分词短语作时间状