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授课提示:对应学生用书第319页
不定冠词a、an的用法
(一)不定冠词的用法(八个“一”)
泛指“一”(=one)
I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.
“每一”(=per)
Prices start at $13.95 a yard for printed cotton.
“同一”(=the same)
They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.
“一类”(=复数名词)
A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.
“任一”(=any)
What he needs is a book.
“某一”(=a certain)
I remember he came here on a Sunday morning and left soon.
“一个/场/次/件”(抽象名词)
Tony is a famous pianist.I'm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.
“一种/份/阵……”(物质名词)
What a heavy rain!
A coffee is enough.
1.用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前,表示泛指
My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.
我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人,一个人人都喜欢与之共事的年轻人。
2.用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”
He missed the gold medal in the high jump,but he will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌,但是在跳远比赛中他还有一次机会。
3.用在形容词的比较等级前,表示“一个更……的”
If we sit near the front of the bus,we'll have a better view.
如果我们坐在靠近公共汽车的前部,我们将有更好的视野。
4.“a most+形容词”表示“很……;非常……”,most在此不表示最高级含义,相当于very,而“the+most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”
This is a most interesting cartoon film.
这是一部非常有趣的卡通电影。
This is the most interesting cartoon film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的卡通电影。
[特别提醒] 判断用a还是an的依据是紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素,而不是第一个字母,如
a university student一个大学生
a European writer 一位欧洲作家
an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩
(二)不定冠词的固定搭配
as a result 因此,结果
as a rule 通常
as a whole 大体上
as a matter of fact 事实上
at a loss 不知所措
in a hurry 匆忙
in a word 总之
in a sense 在某种意义上
in a way 在某种程度上
in a short while 不久
keep an eye on 照看,留意
pay a visit to 拜访
put an end to 结束
once in a while 偶尔
once upon a time 从前
all of a sudden 突然
be on a diet 节食
have a gift for 在某方面有天赋
have/catch a cold 感冒
make a living 谋生
have/take a rest 休息
give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
定冠词the的用法
(一)定冠词的基本用法
1.特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物
I went to a university in New Zealand.The university was founded in the early twentieth century.
我在新西兰的一所大学就读。这所大学建于20世纪初。
2.用于序数词和形容词或副词的最高级以及形容词only、very、sa