内容正文:
专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词
第一讲 名词和数词
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名 词
1.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations (population) and homes of giant pandas...
2.(2021·全国乙卷)...provides money for conservation and benefits the development (develop) of the local areas.
3.(2021·浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a person's (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared...
1.考查名词的复数形式(如T1);此时要注意修饰性词语及平行结构。
2.考查词性转换(如T2)。冠词后通常需要名词;形容词后通常需要名词;名词常作主语或宾语。
3.考查所有格(如T3),表达所属关系。
数词
数词最常考的形式是表示顺序关系的序数词。
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考点一 名词的单复数
1.名词复数的规则变化
规 则
例 词
一般在词尾直接加s
books,horses,beds,pages
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词,多数情况下在词尾加es
glasses,boxes,brushes,watches(例外:stomach→stomachs)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,需把y变为i再加es
cities,countries,factories,families,stories,parties
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加s
holidays,monkeys
以o结尾的名词
加s
radios,pianos,photos,zoos
加es
potatoes,tomatoes
以o结尾的部分名词的复数形式有两种,既可加s也可加es
zeros/zeroes
volcanos/volcanoes
以f或
fe结尾
的名词
把f或fe变成v,再加es
half→halves,knife→knives,
leaf→leaves,thief→thieves,
wife→wives,wolf→wolves
直接加s,
roofs,chiefs,gulfs,beliefs,proofs
2.名词复数的不规则变化
(1)单复数同形:deer,sheep,Chinese,means (方式,方法),series,species,works (工厂)
(2)单数形式复数意义:people,police,cattle
(3)复数形式单数意义:news,physics,politics,maths
(4)合成名词的复数:passerby→passersby,lookeron→lookerson,grownup→grownups,standby→standbys
(5)词形变化:man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice,ox→oxen
(6)名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如woman doctor→women doctors。
[特别提醒] 有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式。如thanks,clothes,congratulations,shoes,trousers,glasses (眼镜)等。
1.(2020·浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
2.Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years,but expressions (express) from them have entered various languages.
考点二 不可数名词
1.常见的不可数名词
information信息;advice忠告,建议;progress进步,进展;knowledge知识;weather天气