内容正文:
专题10 定语从句
1. 掌握关系代词的用法
2. 掌握关系副词的用法
3. 掌握介词+关系代词的用法掌握定语从句中的易错点
定语从句是高考的重点和热点,备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面:
①正确使用关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)
②介词+ which/whom引导的定语从句
③that不能引导非限制性定语从句
考点1概念
1.在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。
Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members,friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语)
许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately,which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子)
我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院,这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用:代指先行词,引导定语从句,在从句中作句子成分。
Beijing,which is the capital city of China,is a very.
↓
beautiful city.
考点2限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切,删除后影响整个意思的表达
与先行词关系不密切,是一种补充说明,删除后不影响整个意思的表达
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that
不可用关系代词that
关系代词that,who,which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略
关系代词不可以省略
关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代
关系代词不能替代
读时不停顿
读时停顿,用降调
只可以修饰名词或代词,不可以修饰句子
既可修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰句子,有逗号分开,只能由which, who或as引导
People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人长寿。
(限制性定语从句,说明要长寿需进行体育锻炼。先行词是people,若把从句who take physical exercise去掉,句子就失去所表达的意义“进行体育锻炼的人”)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。
(非限制性定语从句,who is in Boston now对先行词daughter进行补充说明,若把其去掉,主句意义“他的女儿下周将来家”仍然完整)
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
②Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
③昨天晚上所发生的事情,我一点儿也不知道。(限制性定语从句)
.
④他十分慷慨地给予我时间,为此我非常感激。(非限制性定语从句)
.
【答案】1.that/which2.which3.I know nothing that happened last night4.He was generous with hi