初升高衔接 第五节 时态-【优化探究】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第一册同步导学案配套教参（人教版）

第五节　时态 授课提示：对应学生用书第12页 一、一般现在时 1．一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观事实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加­s或­es。 2．句型结构：主语＋v.(包括be动词)＋(宾语)＋... She is an engineer. He has breakfast at 6：00 every day. 3．适用条件： (1)一般现在时通常与always，often，usually，every day，sometimes，once a week 等时间状语连用。 I always watch TV at 8：00 in the evening. They go home once a week. We usually do our homework at home. (2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The light travels faster than the sound. (3)表示永久性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country. (4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 If you ask him，he will help you. 4．第三人称单数动词变化规则： (1)一般情况下在动词词尾加­s。 come—comes　speak—speaks live—lives work—works (2)以o，s，x，ch，sh结尾的单词，一般在词尾加­es。 do—does　go—goes　finish—finishes　brush—brushes　fix—fixes　pass—passes　watch—watches (3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加­es。 study—studies　carry—carries　cry—cries (4)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词，在词尾直接加­s。 play—plays　stay—stays 5．否定句和疑问句。 (1)He isn't an engineer. —Is he an engineer? —Yes，he is./No，he isn't. (2)We don't get up at 7：30 in the morning. —Do you get up at 7：30 in the morning? —Yes，we do./No，we don't. 二、一般过去时 1．一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，last night，some years ago，in 1990，in those days等连用。 I was a student 6 years ago. I went to Beijing last year. They saw a film last night. 2．句型结构：主语＋v.过去时＋(宾语)＋... He left for Shanghai yesterday. I cleaned the room half an hour ago. When I was a child，I often played football in the park. 3．否定句和疑问句。 (1)He wasn't busy yesterday. —Was he busy yesterday? —Yes，he was./No，he wasn't. (2)He didn't smoke last year. —Did he smoke last year? —Yes，he did./No，he didn't. 4．动词过去式变化规则。 (1)一般情况下在动词词尾加­ed。 work—worked　　　call—called　 laugh—laughed explain—explained finish—finished knock—knocked (2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加­d。 live—lived　change—changed　smoke—smoked die—died　graduate—graduated (3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加­ed。 study—studied　carry—carried　cry—cried try—tried　marry—married (4)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加­ed。 play—played　stay—stayed (5)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加­ed。 stop—stopped　plan—planned　pat—patted