初升高衔接 第二节 句子成分-【优化探究】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第一册同步导学案配套教参（人教版）

第二节　句子成分 授课提示：对应学生用书第6页 根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。 一、主语 表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。 (1)English is not easy to learn well.(名词) (2)We study in No.1 Middle School.(代词) (3)Four plus four is eight.(数词) (4)Seeing a film is a pleasure while making one is hard work.(动名词) (5)To study is my job.(不定式) 二、谓语 说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。 (1)He studies very hard.(实义动词) (2)Playing football is my hobby.(系动词) (3)You look beautiful in the new dress.(半系动词) (4)I saw the flag on the top of the hill.(感官动词) (5)We have finished reading this book.(助动词＋实义动词) (6)He can speak English fluently.(情态动词＋实义动词) (7)He looked after two orphans.(动词短语) 三、表语 表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。 (1)Although the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.(形容词) (2)He turned doctor after school.(名词) (3)He is still at work.(介词短语) (4)My wish is to become an artist.(不定式短语) 四、宾语 指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。 (1)She is playing the piano now.(名词) (2)I'm afraid he won't help us.(代词) (3)We are proud of being Chinese.(动名词) (4)He wanted to leave here.(不定式) (5)Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.(从句) (6)Show me your tickets，please.(me作间接宾语；your tickets作直接宾语) 注意：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。 There is a cat under the table.(the table作under的宾语) 五、宾语补语 用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。 (1)I find the article very interesting.(形容词作宾语补语) (2)Please keep the dog out.(副词作宾语补语) (3)We made him monitor of our class.(名词作宾语补语) (4)Make yourself at home.(介词短语作宾语补语) (5)The doctor advised him to give up smoking.(不定式短语作宾语补语) (6)They caught the boy stealing.(现在分词作宾语补语) (7)He got his leg broken while playing football.(过去分词作宾语补语) 六、定语 对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。 (1)Here are two red apples.(数词＋形容词) (2)He likes tomato and egg noodles.(名词) (3)The girl in red is Li Lei's sister.(介词短语) (4)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.(现在分词短语) (5)What do you think