Unit3 Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【优化探究】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套教参（人教版）

Period Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 单元语法：The present perfect passive voice (现在完成时的被动语态) 授课提示：对应学生用书第79页 [语法体会] [生活中的语法] [学习中的语法] ①Over time I have been changed quite a lot. ②The machines have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. ③Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! ④Since the 1970s，many new applications have been found for me. ⑤They have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. ⑥They have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. ⑦Such a thing has never been heard of before. ⑧The room has already been cleaned. [我的发现] (1)以上句中使用了现在完成时的被动语态；其谓语动词的构成为have/has been done。 (2)列举上面例句所用的时间状语：over time, since the 1970s, before, already。 [知识精要] 一、概念 　现在完成时表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。若动作与主语之间构成动宾关系，则用现在完成时的被动语态。 二、基本结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has(＋主语)＋been done...？ He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.他已被挑选出来参加运动会。 The construction of the bridge has not been finished.桥的建设还没有完成。 Has the date for the next meeting been decided？下次会议的日期决定了吗？ How long has your computer been used？你的电脑用了多久了？ [即学即练1]　按要求完成下面题目 Li Ping has already been told the good news. ①将上面的句子变为否定句。 Li Ping hasn't been told the good news yet. ②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。 Has Li Ping been told the good news yet? ③将上面的句子对Li Ping进行提问。 Who has been told the good news yet? 三、用法 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have been told the meeting will be put off.我已被告知会议将要被推迟。(结果：现在我已经知道了会议要被推迟) All the preparations for the task have been done，and we're ready to start.这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。(影响：我们现已具备开始的条件) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。 The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已被修了两个小时了。(持续：2小时前开始修，现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修) She hasn't been heard from since then.从那时候起，她就没来过信。(hea