2024年中考英语核心语法点复习 现在完成时 16

初中英语语法知识 复习集 现在完成时 定义 1.动作发生在过去且已结束,一直影响到现在（影响性事件） 2.动作发生在过去但未结束，一直持续到现在.（延续性事件） I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这个电影了。 He has lived here since 2018. 他自从2018年就住在这里了。 结构 主语+ has/have + done (过去分词) 变化规则 1.规则变化 变化 原形 过去式 过去分词 / 直+-ed work worked worked 去e+-ed live lived lived 双+-ed drop dropped dropped “辅音字母+y”改y为i+-ed cry cried cried study studied studied 2.不规则变化 AAA cost cost cost / hurt hurt hurt ABB lose lost lost build built built ABC eat ate eaten fall fell fallen ABA come came come run ran run AAB beat beat beaten 时间标志词 影响性 already（已经）；yet（尚【否定句】；已经【疑问句】）；just（刚刚）；ever（曾经）；never(从不)； before（以前）；recently（近期） already “已经” 肯定句句中、句末 I have already seen the film. yet “尚；已经” 否定句、疑问句句末 I haven't seen the film yet. Have you seen the film yet? just “刚刚” 肯定句句中，助动词have/has之后 I have just seen the film. ever “曾经” I have ever seen the film. never “从不” I have never been to Beijing before. before “以前” 句末 recently “近期” 句首 Recently,a discussion has drawn our attention 延续性 for+一段时间 since + 时间点/句子 so far 截至目前，迄今为止 in/during/over the past/last XX years “在过去的几年里” until now/up to now 直到现在 知识充电站：时间点与时间段的区分 时间段 4:00PM、two years ago、2018、8 o'clock 时间点 about 2 years、2 years、nearly 2 years、From Monday to Friday 无时间标志词 前后因果（because/for/so）用现完,看到次数用现完 知识充电站：because与for的区别 for conj.因为 引导的分句表补充说明作用 句中 须用逗号与前面的分句隔开 because 语气最强，表因果关系，常用来回答由 why引导的疑问句 句首或句中 置于句中时不用隔开 He must have passed this way , for here are his footprints. Because the traffic is so busy , I was late.=I was late because the traffic is so busy 与过去式的用法区别 现在完成时 一般具有言外之意 一般过去式 只是对过去的事情进行客观地描述。 句型转化 肯定式 主语+has/have + done+其它. 否定式 主语+has/have +not+ done+其它. 一般疑问句 Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 回答 Yes,主语+has/have. / No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t 特殊考点 特殊考点1：瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换 序号 瞬间性动词 延续性动词 1 buy have / 2 borrow keep 3 leave be away ( from ) 用“be＋副词”代替 4 re