专题03 必修一语法复习-2023～2024学年高一英语第一学期期中考试提前摸底（译林版2020）

专题03 必修一语法复习 必修一Unit1 语法：句子成分和句子结构 （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、主语从句等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，that后面的句子是真正的主语） 【练习】找出下列句中的主语 1.She went out in a hurry.（代词） 2.Four plus four is eight.（数词） 3.To see is to believe.（不定式） 4.Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） 5.The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） 6.What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 【练习】找出下列句中的谓语 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） He is asleep. （形容词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ... The sound sounds strange. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 【练习】找出下列句中的表语 1. I am a teacher. 2. They are on the playground. 3. My job is teaching English. 4. It gets cold. 5. It sounds interesting. 4. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 【练习】找出下列句子的宾语部分 1. We often help him. 2. He likes to pla